![]() The effect of these changes was to lift the Maritime economy once again. The Americans responded with the Embargo Act (1807). What followed was a near-global series of conflicts known collectively as the Napoleonic Wars.īritain declared war in 1793 and one of the first consequences was a tightening of the Navigation Acts that closed off American access to the West Indies. An increasingly militarized state, France reverted in 1803 from republic to empire, with General Napoleon Bonaparte its new emperor. France exported its violence in the French Revolutionary Wars that ran from 1792 with little in the way of breaks until the first years of the new century. ![]() From 1789 to 1793, the French Revolution took the form of civil war and bitter infighting. ![]() Inspired by the American Revolution and especially by its democratic ideals, the common people of France took up arms against their absolutist rulers. The situation in Europe had changed drastically by the end of the 18th century. British North America at Peace and at War (1763-1818) ![]()
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